Warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV), which enters the skin through small cuts or abrasions. HPV is a highly contagious virus that can spread through direct skin-to-skin contact or indirectly through surfaces contaminated with the virus, such as towels, floors, or other personal items. Not everyone who comes into contact with HPV will develop warts; it depends on individual factors like immune system strength and skin integrity. There are several different types of warts, each caused by different strains of HPV. Common warts often appear on the hands and fingers, plantar warts on the soles of the feet, flat warts on the face, arms, and legs, and genital warts in the genital and anal areas.

Warts can vary in appearance depending on their type and location on the body. Common warts are rough, raised bumps that typically appear on the hands and fingers. They may have a cauliflower-like texture and can be either flesh-colored or slightly darker than the surrounding skin. Plantar warts, found on the soles of the feet, are often flat due to pressure and can be painful when walking or standing. They may have a small black dot in the center, which is a blood vessel. Flat warts are small, smooth, and flat-topped, and they usually appear in clusters on the face, arms, or legs. Genital warts, which occur in the genital area, are soft growths that may be pink or flesh-colored. All warts may cause discomfort or pain, particularly if located in areas prone to friction or pressure.

Preventing warts involves taking steps to avoid HPV infection and minimize skin contact with the virus. Practicing good hygiene is crucial; wash your hands regularly and keep your skin clean and dry. Avoid touching warts on yourself or others, and do not share personal items such as towels, razors, or nail clippers. Wearing flip-flops or shower shoes in public places like pools, locker rooms, and communal showers can reduce the risk of contracting plantar warts. For those who are sexually active, using condoms can help lower the risk of genital warts, although it does not provide complete protection against HPV. Keeping the skin moisturized and avoiding picking at any cuts or hangnails can also help prevent HPV from entering the skin.